International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

Effect of Apamarga Pratisaraniya Teekshna Kshara in Third Degree Internal Haemorrhoids

Sirajudheen V E — 2025-02-07

Haemorrhoids are defined as the dilated veins within anal canal in the sub epithelial region formed by radicles of superior, middle and inferior rectal veins. Based on the degree of prolapse, they are classified into 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th degree haemorrhoids. According to Ayurvedic classics, it can be correlated with Arshas; the muscular sprouts torture the person in the same way that enemies do. Acharya Susruta mentioned four therapeutic measures such as Bheṣhaja, Kṣhara, Agni and Sastra karma in the management of Arshas. Ligation and excision, Laser therapy, Sub mucosal haemorrhoidectomy are the commonly done procedure in the management of third-degree haemorrhoids. But these are often associated with post operative complications like Pain, Secondary haemorrhage, Urinary retention, Bowel incontinence and Recurrence. Kshara Karma is a proven para-surgical procedure for the management of Arshas. It is minimally invasive, cost effective, requires less hospital stay and having less complications. In the present study, Apamarga Pratisaraniya Teekshna Kshara was applied in a third-degree internal haemorrhoids. The assessment was done as per the subjective and objective criteria and anal speculum examinations, daily up to one week and follow up done on 15^th and 30^th days. It was found that Apamarga Pratisaraniya Teekshna Kshara is effective in the management of third-degree internal haemorrhoids. Symptoms like bleeding per rectum, prolapse of the mass, and pain got significantly reduced on 30^th day. From this study, it can be concluded that, Apamarga Pratisaraniya Kshara Karma is an effective treatment in the management of third-degree internal haemorrhoid.

Ayurvedic Management of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Asha Sreedhar — 2025-02-07

Recurrent pregnancy loss is relatively common event occurring in 15-25% of pregnancies and increasing in prevalence with maternal age which in turn leads to infertility. The prognosis for couples with recurrent pregnancy loss is generally good, although the likelihood of a successful pregnancy depends on maternal age and the number of previous losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss can be caused by chromosomal errors, anatomical uterine defects, autoimmune disorders and endometrial dysfunction. This is a case report of a 25 year old female with complaints of inability to conceive a viable fetus even after 1 and ½ years of unprotected sexual intercourse. She has regular menstrual cycles and has been conceived twice but was met with spontaneous abortion in both instances. As per Ayurveda, it could be considered Garbhasravi vandhya since both abortions occurred in the first trimester. Treatment plan included internal medications as well as Sodhana procedures for future healthy uneventful pregnancy. The integrative approach of Ayurveda offers promising solutions for addressing RPL by focusing on correcting systemic imbalances, improving reproductive health, and enhancing overall immunity. The case study discussed highlights the therapeutic potential of Ayurvedic interventions.

Traditional Medicine in the Management of Adenomyosis

Anila.M — 2025-02-07

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium, leading to uterine enlargement and a spectrum of symptoms. Endometrial cells from the lining of endometrial cavity, migrate; most commonly into the posterior side or back wall of uterus, as these cells respond to monthly hormonal change. Severity and symptoms associated with adenomyosis, directly proportional to degree of involvement and penetration of uterine muscle. Untreated adenomyosis can progress to endometriosis, potentially leading to severe complications where hysterectomy may become necessary. Ayurvedic formulations with properties such as Anulomaka, Vatashamaka and Rakta Prasadaka have shown significant benefits. These treatments provide relief from pain and irregular menstrual cycles while enhancing the patient’s overall quality of life, offering a non-invasive alternative to conventional approaches. This is a case report of 32 year old female complaining of severe lower abdomen pain during menstruation associated with low back ache and pain during sexual intercourse. In this case treatment focused on Vata anulomana, Soolahara, Ama sophahara and Rasarakthaprasadana. Sthanika karmas like Yoni kshalana and Yoni Pichu were adopted for treating the Sthanika dosha dushti. After the course of treatment patient got complete relief from symptoms and on investigation adenomyotic changes were found resolved.

Effect of Bhavana on Qualitative Phytochemical Profile and Elemental Composition of Shilajathu: A Comparative Pharmaceutical Study With Ekanayaka Kwatha Bhavitha Shilajathu

Anjala P S — 2025-02-07

Shilajathu, a revered Ayurvedic Rasayana, is subjected to Bhavana, a traditional processing technique. This study investigates the effect of Bhavana on Shilajathu's phytochemical profile and elemental composition using Ekanayak Kwatha Bhavitha Shilajathu. Ekanayaka (Salacia chinensis) is a prominently featured drug in various Kashayas recommended for Prameha Chikitsa in esteemed Kerala texts, such as Sahasrayoga and Chikitsamanjari. Ekanayaka Kwatha Bhavitha Shilajathu was prepared through a seven-fold Bhavana process. Phytochemical screening revealed a diverse profile of bioactive compounds. HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of Mangiferin, a standard biomarker for Ekanayaka in Ekanayak Kwatha Bhavitha Shilajathu, and also revealed enhanced bioactive compounds in Bhavitha Shilajathu compared to Shilajathu before Bhavana. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis showed increased weight % of certain elements, C, Na, Mg, Cl, and K in Bhavitha Shilajathu. The findings demonstrate enhanced absorption of Ekanayaka Kwatha's active principles into Shilajathu during Bhavana. The formulation's safety was confirmed by detecting heavy metal levels within permissible limits. The study provides insights into the Ayurvedic concept of Bhavana and its effects on Shilajathu's phytochemical and elemental composition.

Comparative Analysis of Romaka Lavana and Vida Lavana Prepared by Two Different Methods Using XRD and EDAX

Bibitha B — 2025-02-07

Romaka Lavana and Vida Lavana are the two salts mentioned under Lavana varga in Ayurveda. Romaka Lavana is a naturally occurring salt, which is collected from the banks of Sambhar Salt Lake, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Vida lavana is a salt artificially prepared from Amalaki churna and Romaka lavana. Various methods for the preparation of Vida Lavana was mentioned in the classical Rasasastra textbooks. In the present study Rasatarangini reference was adopted. There are significant challenges to the classical method of preparation of Vida Lavana in terms of temperature, time consumed as well as yield of final product. Some of the challenges with the classical methodology can be addressed by an electric muffle furnace, which provides a more uniform and precisely regulated alternative. Hence two different heating pattern as well as time duration was adopted here to prepare Vida lavana using an Electric muffle furnace. The final products obtained from these methods and Romaka Lavana used for the preparation of Vida lavana were analysed by XRD and EDAX to determine the elemental composition. The study findings show that, the product obtained after the two methods predominantly contains sodium chloride.

Effect of a Selected Ayurveda Treatment Protocol on Multiple Sclerosis

Suneeshmon M.S — 2025-02-07

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination and plaque formation and having manifestations in multiple systems of the body. Signs and symptoms depend on the site of lesion. Prevalence of MS is estimated to be 2.8 million cases worldwide, the mean age being 20 to 40 mostly affecting females. Genetic factors also contribute greatly. Considering the etiological factors, pathogenesis and symptoms it can be correlated to different types of Avarana. A cluster of symptoms seen in different types of Avarana can be observed here. Along with Avarana the treatment principles of Jwara, Vatavyadhi, Vatashonita, Manasika vyadhis can also be adopted in this condition at different stages. The present work is a case report of a 22 year old male diagnosed with MS and treated effectively. This work is done in an effort to understand MS in terms of the basic principles of Ayurveda and to discuss the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatment protocol in MS.

To Evaluate the Impact of Web Series on the Manas Bhava (Psychological Well-Being) of Adolescent Students

Akash Sachan — 2025-02-07

Despite age limitations not applying to web series, their consumption has surged, especially among users under 35 years of age. In light of Ayurvedic principles, excessive use of sensory organs (Asatmya indriya sanyog) may impact “Manas bhava” (mental disposition) and lead to “Manas vikaar” (mental disorders). This study aims to explore the psychological effects of OTT web series on Adolescents through an online survey. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the impact of online web series on the Manas bhava (psychological well-being) of Adolescents. Methodology: We conducted a questionnaire based survey exclusively designed to “Evaluate the status of Manas bhava” for investigating how online series affect manas bhava or psychological well-being amongst adolescents. Following data collection, observation and result were drawn based on the questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the data in percentage was drawn to conclude the significant changes seen in the Manas bhava (psychological well-being). Observation and Result: Empirical evidence indicates that prolonged exposure to online series, particularly those characterized by excitement and action, adversely impacts the Manas bhava (psychological well-being) of adolescent students. Conclusion- In the context of mental health, Manas vikar refers to psychological disorders. The study findings indicate that 37% of students experience mild stages of Manas vikar, which can be likened to depression, while 11% exhibit more severe conditions (Vyaktavastha). These results emphasize the need to address mental health concerns among adolescents, especially in relation to their consumption of OTT web series. To better understand the impact of web series on adolescent mental well-being, a multidisciplinary approach that includes fostering media literacy and promoting mindful consumption is essential.

Exploration of Ayurveda in the Management of Bilateral Facial Palsy

Rakhi R — 2025-02-07

Facial nerve palsy is the weakness of the facial muscles resulting from damage to the cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve). Unilateral facial palsy is the most common form. Bilateral facial nerve palsy is exceedingly rare and represents 0.3 -2% of all facial palsies. A similar description of the weakness of the face is mentioned in Ayurveda as “Ardita”, a Vata vyadhi. Acharyas included Ardita under 80 Nanatmaja vyadhi of Vata. Ardita management include Navana (nasal administration), Murdhni taila (application of oil on head), Tarpana (nourishing therapy), Nadi sweda, Anupa pisita upanaha (poultice prepared with meat of aquatic animals) and general Vatavyadhi treatments. This report is on a case study of a 36-year-old female patient with bilateral facial nerve palsy for 17 days presented with difficulty in opening mouth, pain behind both ears, difficulty in closure of bilateral eyelids, difficulty in speech for 17 days in the outpatient department of Kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Additionally, she reported pain over both sides of the neck for 14 days. Initial management was done at a hospital near patient’s home, but no significant improvement was noted. She was admitted in our hospital and treated with Ardita line of management initially, gradually attained the recovery from facial palsy in 3 weeks but the neck pain persisted. Then the general line of treatment of Vata vyadhi i.e., Sneha (oleation) Swedas (sudation) were given and got complete recovery from the pain and facial weakness. Assessment was done with ‘House and Breckmann’ assessment scale before and after the treatments. The result showed improvement from grade V to grade I. This case report shows classical Ardita treatment and general Vata vyadhi treatment can be considered in bilateral facial palsy where no serious underlying causes are present.

Comparison of Colony Forming Units (CFU) Between Prepared and Market Samples of Selected Aristas in the Kerala Market

Shilpa S — 2025-02-07

The study compares the Colony Forming Units (CFU) of prepared and market samples of three Aristas: Abhayarista, Balarista, and Jeerakarista, which are fermented Ayurvedic medicines. Aristas naturally generate alcohol through fermentation facilitated by yeast found in Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz, with Jaggery serving as the sugar source. The fermentation process spans 30-45 days, during which complete sugar utilization ensures optimal results. Incomplete fermentation, however, can cause post-fermentation issues and acidity development. The microbial fermentation process is characterized by distinct growth phases: a lag phase for acclimatization, a log phase for exponential growth, a deceleration phase due to reduced energy reserves, and a stationary phase where microbial activity stagnates but viability is maintained. The presence of residual sugar can trigger renewed fermentation cycles, leading to post-fermentation challenges. For this analysis, three samples of prepared Aristas and five corresponding market samples from the Kerala market were tested. CFU was assessed using the Mueller-Hinton agar method, and statistical evaluation employed a one-sample t-test. The results revealed a significant difference in CFU levels in two of the market samples (p < 0.01), while the remaining samples showed no significant variation (p>0.05). This study highlights the variability in CFU between prepared and market samples, emphasizing the importance of consistent fermentation processes in ensuring the quality of Ayurvedic fermented medicines.

Formulation and Evaluation of Usiradi Yoga Ointment for Dermatological Conditions

Binusree Vijayan — 2025-02-07

The prevalence of skin and subcutaneous illnesses and the worldwide burden of skin disorders has increased significantly in recent times. In addition to physical health, these medical and cosmetic issues also affect mental health and self-esteem. In Ayurveda, skin conditions are mostly categorized under the spectrum of Kushta. Classical literature describes eighteen different forms of Kushtas, and their treatment. In the treatment of dermatological conditions, medicinal powders are utilized as external therapies in forms such as Lepa, Udwartana, and Udsadana. Nevertheless, using powder can cause discomfort and pain in certain skin conditions. Given today's fast-paced lifestyle, there is a need for a convenient dosage form made from easily available raw materials. The goal of this study is to formulate an ointment using Usiradi Yoga churna, mentioned in Vaidyamanorama (Chikilsa krama), and to improve patient compliance without compromising its efficacy. This report includes the development and quality analysis of Usiradi Yoga ointment (USYO). Fine powders of Vetiveria zizanoides, Soot, Plumbago zeylanica, Psoralea corylifolia, Pongamia pinnata, Piper longum triturated with cow’s urine distillate (3.16% each) were added to the liquid paraffin and bees wax mixture (6:1) as ointment base. In addition to physicochemical parameters, microbiological test and finger printing of phytochemical constituents of USYO was conducted. The Results showed that USYO was of good consistency and fair extrudability and successfully passed the microbiological test. HPTLC fingerprinting of USYO demonstrated the presence of several constituents.

Pharmaceutical Preparation of Prabhkara Vati - An Ayurvedic Formulation

Anju M — 2025-02-07

Prabhakara Vati, an Ayurvedic formulation, plays a significant role in treating heart-related ailments, as emphasized in the Bhaishajya Ratnavali (Hridroga Prakarana) and the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (Part 1). The preparation involves five key ingredients: Sudha Abraka Bhasma, Sudha Loha Bhasma, Sudha Swarna Makshika Bhasma, Sudha Shilajathu, and Tugaksheeri (Bamboo Manna). The preparation involves using Terminalia arjuna bark decoction during trituration (Bhavana), which enhances its medicinal properties and supports its cardioprotective function. The preparation of Prabhakara vati involves preprocessing of Abraka Bhasma, Loha Bhasma, Swarna Makshika Bhasma, and Shilajit Sodhana, each performed according to classical Ayurvedic methods. Each Bhasma was prepared by purification (Sodhana) process followed by incineration (Marana). Purification of Abraka, Loha, and Swarnamakshika was carried out by Nirvapa (quenching) method while Shilajthu sodhana by Suryatapi method mentioned in Rasataragini. After purification, incineration was done for each ingredient based on classical reference: 5 Puta (incineration) for Abraka bhasma, 8 Puta for Loha basma, and 6 Puta for Swarna makshika. Subsequently, Bhasma pareeksha was carried out to test the quality of each Bhasma. After the preprocessing of this Bhasma, Prabhakara vati was prepared by triturating an equal amount of each five ingredients with Arjuna kashaya, which was prepared using Bhavana method. Special care is taken to maintain the purity and authenticity of ingredients, ensuring the formulation retains its therapeutic efficacy. This work is a comprehensive documentation of the step-by-step preparation of Prabhakara Vati, conducted at Government Ayurveda College in Thiruvananthapuram, and provides a detailed guideline for the formulation process described herein.

Ayurvedic Management of Psoriasis

Keerthy S L — 2025-02-07

Psoriasis is a common chronic, immune-mediated dermatological condition characterized by the rapid proliferation of keratinocytes, leading to the formation of erythematous thick, scaly indurated plaques. It is affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population, it possesses significant physical and psychological burdens. The aetiology of psoriasis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, behavioural changes and immune system dysregulation. This disease commonly manifests on the skin over elbows, knees, scalp, chest, lumbo-sacral areas, and intergluteal clefts. At present, there is no permanent cure, and modern medical science focuses on providing symptomatic relief. However, skin disorders often respond better to Ayurvedic treatment. A 37-year-old male, presented to the OPD with complaints of itching all over his body, along with thickened silvery scaling, especially over the scalp, with an erythematous base and red patches all over his body for 10 years. He was exhausted and depressed after finding no relief on trying various systems of medicine. After examination of the patient, an Ayurvedic treatment protocol was designed, including external and internal medication. Significant improvement was noticed in all symptoms. Assessment was done using PASI score which reduced from 24.8 to 6. The duration of treatment was 45 days, follow-up after a month.

A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Challenges Faced by the Ayurvedic Drug Manufacturing Industry in Kerala

Saranya N — 2025-02-07

Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine in India. As an alternative system of medicine, it is getting global acceptance in the present decade especially in the post Covid scenario. Rising health consciousness among the people, increasing prevalence of epidemics and lifestyle diseases, evidence-based Ayurveda practices and the tremendous changes in the global trade happened in the past few years can be considered as the reason for the same. The annual turnover of Indian market of Ayurveda medicine industry in the year 1998 was 25 billion which was reached a size of INR 626 billion in the year 2022. As per the current researches it is expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth rate of 12% from 2022 to 2028. Out of the small, medium, and large manufacturing units situated in India, 12% are situated in the state Kerala. Being a small state with such a considerable share in the market a survey has been conducted among 15 Ayurveda drug manufacturing units in the state. The paper expects to assess the possible challenges faced by the industry currently, analyze the methods to resolve them by which improve the productivity without compromising the quality of medicines. The study may also help to check the difficulties faced by the industry at the levels of collection of raw drugs, processing, manufacturing, pacing and marketing and also to suggest the necessary policy shifting if needed.

Takradhara - A Procedure Review

Siddesha Ramappa Malakkanavar — 2025-02-07

Takradhara, a specialized form of Shirodhara in Ayurvedic medicine, involves the rhythmic application of medicated Takra over the forehead, facilitating both physical and mental healing. This therapy is particularly effective for psychosomatic and neurological conditions, benefiting those with ailments such as insomnia, diabetic neuropathy, psoriasis, hypertension, and various mental health disorders. While similar to Shirodhara, Takradhara’s distinction lies in its primary therapeutic agent, Takra, which has unique properties due to its cooling, Vata-Pitta balancing, and rejuvenating effects. The rich lactic acid content in Takra, combined with the therapeutic application, helps diminish stress, enhances cerebral circulation, improves memory, nourishes the scalp, and calms both mind and body. These benefits are achieved through Takradhara’s capacity to regulate Doshas, especially balancing Pitta and pacifying Vata, making it an effective intervention for a range of conditions from dermatological issues to neurological and metabolic disorders.

Role of Rasayana Prophylaxis in Degenerative Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

K. Rohitha — 2025-02-07

Degenerative disorders are characterized by progressive tissue and organ deterioration and pose significant challenges to health and quality of life, especially in ageing populations. The degenerative disorders, including osteoarthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis, are characterized by the progressive deterioration in the structure and function of tissues and organs due to oxidative stress, biological ageing, and chronic inflammation. Through its Rasayana therapy, which is the core concept and prophylactic measures, Ayurveda offers comprehensive and holistic strategies for managing and preventing these conditions. Derived from the Sanskrit words Rasa and Ayana, Rasayana emphasizes enhancing overall health by nourishing tissues, enhancing immunity, balancing the body’s Doshas and delaying the ageing process. Through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic properties, which mitigate oxidative damage, regulate immune responses and improve cellular repair mechanisms. Prophylactic use of Rasayana not only prevents the onset of degenerative disorders but also delays their progression by improving cellular adaptability, slowing age-related decline and enhancing metabolism. This article explores the application of Rasayana and prophylaxis in managing and preventing degenerative disorders, emphasizing herbal, dietary and lifestyle interventions. It also highlights key Rasayana formulations, such as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), etc., and their roles in reducing inflammation, enhancing adaptability against age-related decline, and supporting tissue regeneration. Incorporating Rasayana and prophylaxis into the contemporary healthcare system offers a sustainable and effective pathway to address the rising burden of degenerative disorders.

Graceful Ageing Through Ayurveda - A Retrospective Pilot Study Among Participants Above 80 Years of Age

Arya Anil — 2025-02-07

The pathophysiological process of aging is progressive and irreversible, resulting in a loss of tissue and cell activities as well as an increased risk of certain diseases. Diseases like neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal ailments, and immune system disorders are increasingly prevalent among old age. The universal process of aging most likely started with the beginning of life. The accumulation of various harmful aging-related alterations in the cells and tissues gradually reduces function and may ultimately result in death. Aging is one of the many human illness that Ayurveda addresses holistically. It is categorized as a Yapya (palliative) and natural sickness. The body undergoes a number of changes as people age, including changes in mental and cognitive abilities, exterior appearance, Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, Agni, Oja, and other conditions. Ayurveda maintains Dhatu samya (homeostasis) through a comprehensive strategy, for which a number of principles have been outlined. It is believed that aging is an illness that might appear at any time. As a result, a thorough explanation of how to prevent, maintain, and treat aging has been provided; if followed, this will result in a long, healthy life. Method: Survey study, 31 participants from different parts of Kerala who are above 80 years of age was contacted and an online survey via google form was conducted. Objective: To highlight the importance of following Ayurvedic principles for longevity. Result: All the participants were following most of the principles explained in Ayurveda in their daily life. Conclusion – Ayurvedic principles are helping to maintain a healthy long life. So here an effort has been made to document some Ayurvedic principles followed by participants above 80 years of age who lead a healthy long life.

Application of Adhikarana and Yoga Tantrayukthi in Ashtanga Sangraha Sutrasthana Based on Neelamegha’s Definition

Krishna K — 2025-02-07

Tantrayukthi is defined as the methodology and technique which enable one to compare and interpret scientific treatises correctly and intelligently. Only through the study and contextual application of these techniques, one can comprehend Ayurvedic principles completely. Ashtanga Sangraha of Acharya Vagbhata is an ancient authoritative text on Ayurveda, studied since many centuries by students, scholars and practitioners of Indian medicine. Because of its archaic style of composition and terse language, certain amount of difficulty is being experienced. Since all the Tantrayukthis cannot be done as a single work, this study is an attempt to find out the application of Adhikarana and Yoga Tantrayukthi in Asthanga Sangraha Sutrasthana based on Neelamegha’s definition.

Natural Food Toxins and its Ayurvedic Purview

C. Naisha — 2025-02-07

Toxins are poison of plant or animal origin, produced by or derived from microorganisms and acting as an antigen in the body. These are formed in dietary articles as a part of the defence mechanism of the plant against predators or insects or in response to extreme climatic conditions. These secondary metabolites are chemical compounds having diverse structure and differ in biological function and toxicity, will have adverse impact on human or animal health when consumed in excess. Natural food toxins can be categorized under phytotoxins and marine toxins. Cyanogenic glycosides, glycoalkaloids, lectins, glucosinolates and pyrrolizidine alkaloids are the major phytotoxins. Marine or aquatic toxicity occurs by the ingestion of shellfish that have consumed toxin producing algae, or by bacterial growth in fish due to improper handling. Some of these toxins are extremely potent and harmful when consumed in large quantities. These toxins possess a serious health threat to both humans and livestock. It may result in acute and chronic toxicity ranging from gastrointestinal upset to fatality. So, detoxification of dietary articles containing natural food toxins is crucial as it helps to eliminate these chemicals and thereby ensuring food safety. So, this article intends to highlight the Ayurvedic viewpoint of natural food toxins and the importance of precautionary measures for preventing toxicity of natural food toxin from daily consuming dietary article.

Management of Yauvanapidika Through Shamanaushadhi

G. Sahithi — 2025-02-07

The face is universally recognized as an essential element of emotional expression and personal identification. The presence of acne can notably impact an individual’s self-esteem, especially in social interactions. In Ayurvedic literature, Yauvana Pidika, as described by various Acharyas, exhibit features similar to acne vulgaris. Yauvanapidika, due to its minimum causative factors, signs and symptoms and less severity is mentioned as one of the Kshudrarogas in Ayurveda Samhitas. A 23-year-old female patient who was apparently normal before six months developed multiple pus-filled acne on her forehead and both cheeks associated with pain and redness had consulted the outpatient department. She was having regular tea consumption twice a day, a mixed diet, and excess consumption of sugars, oily, and junk food. She consulted other contemporary medical systems as well, but didn’t find any relief. She was under Ayurvedic management for one month and felt very satisfied with the results. In this paper, successful management of this case with Shamana modalities is highlighted, which will be documented evidence for future case studies.

Application of Loka Purusha Satmya Vada in Treating Filiform Wart

Anand D A — 2025-02-07

Warts are cutaneous neoplasms caused by papilloma virus. Human papilloma viruses infects the epithelium of skin and mucous membranes. These infections may be asymptomatic, produces warts or may produce neoplasia. Filiform warts usually appear around the mouth, nose, under the chin or neck. They are long, narrow frond like benign growths. Even though these growths are asymptomatic they create a lot of cosmetic concern. In appearance these warts resemble sprouts coming from potatoes. Loka purusha Satmya vada told in Ayurveda classics tells us the relationship between universe and the humans. Thus the similarity in shape of filiform warts with potato sprouts tells the hidden remedy for these warts. Here the antimicrobial activity in potatoes was applied in treating the patient along with krimihara chikitsa.

Madhukadi Agada in Lutha Visha Cikitsa

Seemaja G — 2025-02-07

Agadatantra is a specialised branch of Ayurveda that deals with study of poisons, their effects on human body and their management. The principles of Agadatantra provide a framework for understanding and managing venomous bites in general. In Ayurveda, Visha is classified as Sthavara and Jangama visha. Lutha visha is one among the Jangama Visha. Identification and treatment of Lutha visha is an important task as improper handling of the cases may worsen the condition. Madhukadi Agada is a formulation mentioned in the context of Lutha visha, explained in Caraka Samhitha, Visha Cikitsa Adhyaya. The formulation comprises eight ingredients and can be administered as Panam (internal administration) with honey. This paper attempts to review the formulation Madhukadi Agada and to analyse its usefulness in similar conditions.

Ayurvedic Management of Endometriosis

Asha Sreedhar — 2025-02-07

Endometriosis is a painful and chronic condition that affects women of reproductive age, marked by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is accompanied by debilitating pelvic pain, infertility, and potentially malignant transformations, significantly impacting quality of life. Endometriosis affects an estimated 1 in 10 women of reproductive age worldwide. The ovaries and pelvic peritoneum are the most common sites for developing endometriotic lesions. This is the case report of a 24year old unmarried female, who presented with irregular menstrual cycles with heavy menstrual bleeding and severe dysmenorrhea associated with giddiness, vomiting. On USG she was diagnosed with right ovarian endometriotic cyst. Based on the clinical features presented by the patient, medications possessing Amapachana, Agnideepana, Kaphapittasamana, Vataanulomana, Granthihara and Lekhana properties were administered. After seven months of internal medications symptoms reduced considerably and there was no ovarian endometriotic cysts in USG.

An Ayurvedic Approach to Improving Anti-Mullerian Hormone: Essential Preparation for Assisted Reproductive Technique

Shahina Mole S — 2025-02-07

Low levels of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) are often associated with hormonal imbalances that lead to reduced ovarian reserve and infertility. This condition is commonly marked by increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), diminished AMH, and a decreased antral follicle count (AFC), which collectively lower the chances of conception. AMH, produced by granulosa cells within preantral and antral follicles, is a key indicator of ovarian reserve and an important predictor of how the ovaries respond to stimulation. Its strong link to follicle development makes it a valuable tool for assessing fertility potential. Women with low AMH levels undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) often experience poor outcomes, and many are left with the option of donor egg IVF as their only choice. Ayurvedic medicine provides holistic treatment options for infertility, by enhancing the body’s natural ability to restore hormonal balance, improve ovarian health, and boost oocyte quality, offering hope to those facing fertility challenges. The present case report document the efficacy of an Ayurvedic treatment protocol in improving the AMH value. The patient had undergone Shamana and Sodhana therapies and on follow up marked improvement in AMH level was found making her eligible for ART with her own egg.

Ayurvedic Management of Garbhasravi Vandhya

Giby Thomas — 2025-02-07

Vandhyatwa is not only the inability to conceive but also the failure to produce a viable offspring. Garbhasravi vandhya is one among the six types of Vandhyatwa described in Harita Samhita. Ectopic gestations may result in Garbhasrava. An ectopic pregnancy is one in which the fertilized ovum is implanted and develops outside the normal endometrial cavity. Approximately 10-15% of couples, with various contributing factors like age, health conditions, and lifestyle choices suffer with Vandhyata. In the present case, a 27 year old married woman complaints of inability to beget a viable child even after 2 years of unprotected sexual life. She had history of 2 ectopic gestations 1 year apart. She came to our OPD for pre conceptional care and underwent IP management for 2 months. The case was managed through a combination of medications and procedures such Udwarthana, Choorna pinda sweda, Virechana and Matravasthi which were Srotosodhana, Agnideepana, and Vatakaphahara in properties. On discharge the patient was advised to take Vatasunga with milk for Puthrolpatha sthithi pradam (for conception and proper implantation of Garbha). The patient got conceived and delivered a full term live female baby through LSCS.

Effect of Prabhanjanavimardanam Taila Nasya in Cervical Spondylosis - An Interventional Single Arm Study

Vishnu Sreenivas — 2025-02-07

Cervical spondylosis is a long-term degenerative disease of the neck spine that impacts the bones and discs of the neck, as well as the spinal canal components. Currently, it is seen among both young and middle-aged individuals, as a result of inactive lifestyles and higher levels of work-related strain. In Ayurveda, cervical spondylosis can be clinically compared to Apabahuka, Viswachi or Greevastambha, with Nasya seen as a cost-effective and efficient treatment option. Prabhanjanavimardanam Taila, which is referenced in the Tailaprakarana of Sahasrayoga, is recommended for treating Ashiti vatarogas through methods such as Pana, Abhyanga, Nasya, and Basti karma. Prabhanjanavimardanam Taila serves as a pacifier for Vata and Kapha, as well as reducing swelling and it is strengthening, and rejuvenating. After taking into account both the Dosa kopa and vitiated Dosa sthana, Nasya treatment with Prabhanjanavimardanam Taila was chosen. Materials and Methods: The research was planned as an interventional before-after study. Twenty-five individuals who met the inclusion-exclusion criteria were chosen from the Panchakarma Outpatient Department of Government Ayurveda College Panchakarma Hospital, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram. Nasya karma was given to them in the evening (4-5pm), with 8 bindu (4 ml) in each nostril, for 7 days. Evaluations were conducted using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and numbness, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for neck pain. Results and Discussion: The results were statistically analysed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. Significant decreases in symptoms were observed across all these factors. The outcome remained consistent during a 14-day follow-up period. Conclusion: The research findings indicate that the use of Prabhanjanavimardanam Taila Nasya for seven consecutive days shows effectiveness in decreasing symptoms in individuals with Cervical spondylosis (CTRI/2022/06/043112).

Development and Characterisation of Anti-Septic Cream Containing Turmeric, Aloe Vera Gel and Jatyadi Oil

Ratika Naik — 2025-02-07

The need of herbal medicines is increasing rapidly due to their fewer side effects. Herbal drugs constitute a major part in all the traditional system of medicine. Hence an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate cream for its antiseptic activity against Propionic Bacteria. In this context, the study has been conducted to formulate polyherbal cream using turmeric, aloe vera extract and Jatyadi oil, all the extracts are obtained by using various extraction techniques such Maceration, Steam distillation and Soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for all the herbal extracts the final formulation was evaluated for different evaluation parameters. The formulation was evaluated for antiseptic activity against Propionic bacteria by MIC method.

Role of Jalauka Avcharana and Ayurvedic Management in Dadru Kushtha

Ajay Pratap Singh — 2025-02-07

A massive increase in incidence of skin problems can be seen in tropical and developing countries like India. Dadru (Tinea corporis) is one of the most encountered skin diseases occurring due to unhygienic conditions, poverty, poor sanitation, sun exposure etc. Dadru is described under Kshudra kushtha in Charaka Samhita, which if left untreated it seeps into deeper tissues and becomes difficult to cure. For present study, a male patient of 15 yrs age visited department of Shalya tantra at Uttarakhand Ayurved University Gurukul Campus Haridwar with complaint of widespread patches and severe itching over back side of neck from 6 months. He also had on and off constipation from 15 days, disturbed sleep for 2 months and loss of appetite. There was no significant past history of any other chronic disorder. The patient was diagnosed with Dadru kushtha (Tinea corporis) on the basis of clinical symptoms and investigations. Patient was treated with Ayurvedic para surgical process (Jalaukavchran) along with oral Ayurvedic medicines like Arogya vardhni vati, Nimbadi churna, Gandhak bhasma, Trikatu churna, Khadirarishta, Triphala churna for 45 days. A significant response was observed over clinical symptoms, healing and recovery of Dadru.

Awareness of Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas: A Step Towards Prevention of Teratologic Abnormalities During Pregnancy

Chhavi Saini — 2025-02-07

Ayurveda is a holistic science which incorporates not only the treatment but also centred for root cause of developmental abnormalities from birth. In present science the presence of teratological abnormalities is a burning issue which inner rates is around 3–5% of live births each year. Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas disrupts the foetus's normal growth and development, includes changes in the mother's food, habits, behaviours, and exposures throughout the perinatal period. Among pregnancy's most devastating outcomes are deformed living foetuses. Anything known to result in foetal abnormalities that a person consumes or is exposed to during pregnancy is referred to as a teratogen. Teratogens include things like chemicals, medications, drugs, some illnesses, and poisonous substances. Additionally, teratogens can raise the chance of stillbirth, premature labour, or miscarriage. Occasionally, the birthing parents have unmanaged health issues. This is an attempt to examine the Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas and teratogenicity during pregnancy of the mother and children. These Garbhopaghatakara bhavas are described under three modes which is dietetics mode of life i.e., Ati Ushana (excessive use of hot), Ati Madhura (excessive use of sweet), Atyalap Bhojana (less quantity of food), Madayapana (using wine daily) etc., physical mode of life i.e., Utakata aasana (squatting or sitting in abnormal position), Vyavaaya (coitus), Vayayaam (improper and excessive exercise), Vegavidharana suppression of natural urges) and mental or psychological mode of life i.e., Bhaya (psychologically constantly fear), Shauka (always distressed or grieved), Karodha (anger), Apriyavlokana sharavanaad (listening to unpleasant words).

An Open Label Single Arm Clinical Study on the Combined Effectiveness of Tila Bakuchi Churna and Nimbadi Lepa in Dadru (Dermatophytosis)

Anand Revanasiddappa Jalawadi — 2025-02-07

Dadru is categorized under both Kshudrakusta and Mahakusta, which is a Tridoshshajavyadhi primarily vitiated by the Pitta-kapha dosha and characterized by Kandu, Raga, Pidaka, Mandala and Rukshata. It can be correlated to dermatophytosis on the basis of symptomatology and pathogenesis. As India being a tropical country, there has been a rise in chronic and relapsing dermatophytosis, with a prevalence of 65.3% and 34.6%, respectively. The study was undertaken with an intention to evaluate the combined effectiveness of Tila bakuchichurna internally and Nimbadilepa externally in the management of Dadru. The ingredients of the intervention possess Tikta rasa, Ushnnaveerya, Tridoshaghna, Krimighna, Kandughna and Kushtaghna properties in contrast to the properties of Dadru. Objectives: To clinically evaluate the combined effectiveness of Tila bakuchichurna and Nimbadilepa in the management of Dadru (dermatophytosis). Methodology: Among 34 registered participants, 30 of them completed the course of treatment. They were administered with 6gm of Tila bakuchichurna internally, once daily in the morning, before food, with Anupana of warm water and Nimbadilepa application externally, once daily in the daytime with water for a period of 30 days. Ordinal data was analysed with Friedman’s test followed by Wilcoxon signed rank test after applying Bonferroni correction with a 95% confidence interval; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Statistically significant improvement was observed on the parameters Kandu, Raga, Pidaka, Mandala, Rookshata, 5-D Pruritus scale and DLQI scale. Conclusion: Tilabakuchichurna and Nimbadilepa were found to be effective in the management of Dadrukusht.

Effect of Ginger Against Arsenic Induced Toxicity on Hepatic Organ

Moulima Maity — 2025-02-07

Arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity poses a significant public health concern due to its detrimental effects on liver function, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review explores the protective role of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in mitigating arsenic-induced hepatic damage, highlighting its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The bioactive compounds of ginger, such as gingerols, shogaols, and flavonoids, have been shown to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), restore antioxidant enzyme activity, and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6. These mechanisms collectively contribute to improved liver function, reduced oxidative damage, and enhanced hepatocyte regeneration. Hepatoprotective potential of ginger is further supported by its ability to modulate apoptotic pathways, reduce lipid peroxidation, and enhance cellular detoxification processes. Comparative studies indicate that the efficacy of ginger is on par with or superior to synthetic antioxidants and standard hepatoprotective agents like silymarin, with the added advantage of minimal toxicity. However, limitations in current research, such as the lack of standardized formulations, insufficient human trials, and incomplete understanding of molecular pathways, present challenges to its clinical application. Future research should prioritize large-scale clinical trials, pharmacokinetic studies, and investigations into synergistic effects with other therapeutic agents. Addressing these knowledge gaps will pave the way for the development of ginger-based interventions for liver diseases.

Visceral Fat - Health Implications and Ayurvedic Purview

Athira P — 2025-02-07

Visceral fat is a type of fat that accumulates around the internal organs in the abdominal cavity. It is having a lot of normal physiological functions within the body and when it exceeds the normal level it leads to many diseases. Visceral fat is associated with several health conditions, including insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and fatty liver. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of visceral fat on the above diseases and detrimental effects of visceral fat on human health and well-being is needed. Stress has a major role in visceral fat accumulation as chronic stress can lead to increased levels of cortisol, which promotes the storage of visceral fat. Hence an integrated module which includes diet, yoga, meditation, and exercise to reduce cortisol levels and prevent visceral fat accumulation is needed. Early detection and prevention of visceral fat accumulation is of prime importance to reduce the risk of developing these health conditions. According to Ayurveda visceral fat accumulation can be considered as a result of Medodhathudushti which is the major cause of Sthoulya and Prameha. For the prevention of excess visceral fat accumulation, Ayurveda recommends certain daily routines, dietary guidelines, ethical principles and lifestyle modifications. Ayurveda emphasizes self-control, non-suppression of natural urges and maintaining a positive outlook to reduce stress levels. This paper unravels the link between obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver and highlights the ayurvedic principles to tackle visceral fat and its complications.

Ayurvedic Management of Anorexia Nervosa

Dhanya K — 2025-02-07

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex eating disorder characterized by extreme food restriction, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. One-year prevalence of anorexia nervosa is 0.16% for females and 0.09% for males. Ayurveda approaches to addressing both the physical and mental aspects of Anorexia Nervosa (AN). From an Ayurvedic perspective, AN can be interpreted as Kapha-Pittika Unmada, a mental imbalance caused by the aggravation of Kapha and Pitta doshas, which impacts both nutritional and psychological well-being. Methods: 17-year-old male patient, recently exhibited increased food intake followed by self-induced vomiting and has been hiding food and diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, referred to as Kapha-Pittika Unmada in Ayurveda. The treatment protocol was designed to target Kapha and Pitta imbalances while strengthening the Manovaha Srotas to support the patient’s physical and psychological recovery. Ayurvedic interventions included internal and external therapies aimed Shodhana, Shamana and Satvavajaya measures. Results: The patient demonstrated positive outcomes, including gradual weight gain, improved dietary habits, and a decrease in elimination behaviors. Psychological improvements were also noted, particularly in terms of reduced anxiety and improved mood and quality of life also improved. Discussion: The treatment protocol included Samana (pacifying therapies), Shodhana (cleansing therapies), Dhara (therapeutic pouring of medicated liquids), Thalam (application of medicated paste to the head), and Dhupanam (medicated fumigation) along with Satvavaja measures. Future studies should investigate the integration of Ayurvedic treatments with modern psychological therapies to establish comprehensive and sustainable treatment protocols for anorexia nervosa.

Management of Madhumehajanya Dusta-Vrana with Indigenous Drug Followed by Jalokavacharan

Baslingappa Kobbanna — 2025-02-07

Mithya-ahara vihara is a causative factor leading to become a diabetic. Ayurveda, a science of life, take forward to human being to live healthy. Complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellites (DM) presents with micro and macro vascular changes, atherosclerosis, developing progressive neuropathy, and ischemia in specifically lower limbs. In diabetic patients, regular and proper foot care is an important one. Neuropathic changes may result in formation of ulcers, it may be due to repeated injuries. Presence of infection may hamper in healing of ulcer. These factors inherited to become chronic or non-healing type. Prevention of ulcer can be done with medications and regular dressing.

In Ayurveda, non-healing ulcer can be resembled with Dusta Vrana. Assessment of Dosha prakopa decides to which Vrana Chikitsa upakram (treatment plans) is to be implicated. On the basis of Ayurved chikitsa siddhanta, an attempt is made to treat a case of Dusta vrana. A 55 years old male patient presented with ulcers in left foot with pain, swelling, pus discharge for 6 months. On the basis of Lakshans and Dosha assessment (sign and symptoms), he was diagnosed as Madhumehajanya dusta vrana. This patient was treated successfully with Jalokavacharana (leech Application) followed by indigenous drugs. After 6 months of regular treatment, ulcers were completely healed.

Scientific Validation of Amalaki Rasayana through Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Analysis

Dhanisha BK — 2025-02-07

Classical Ayurveda textbooks explain numerous medicinal formulations that have been effectively utilized in wide range of therapeutic conditions. Rasayana is the branch of Ayurveda, focuses on rejuvenation, tissue regeneration, modulating immune system, and promoting healthy aging process. Amalaki rasayana (AR) is a Vayasthapana rasayana explained in Charaka samhitha. AR is extensively reported to influence various biological activities to promote longevity and prevent geriatric symptoms. Considering these factors, AR is planned to administer in age related cataract in its early stage. To improve the acceptance of medicinal preparations globally, it is necessary to revalidate them with the help of advanced scientific techniques, without losing the vital elements of science. Methods: The preparation was properly evaluated regarding safety, and quality. In the present study, pharmacognostical analysis of AR was done to ensure the quality standards of the raw drug and the finished product. Organoleptic character analysis, physiochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis, microbial analysis and HPTLC analysis were done. Result: Established standards were met in physicochemical, heavy metal and microbial analyses. These validate the formulation’s compliance with quality and safety requirements. HPTLC helped in detecting the marker compound gallic acid in the formulation. Conclusion: From the observations, the results of this study could serve as a baseline for future research works.